The answer is: Publican

Luke 18:10

In this intriguing parable from Luke 18:10, we witness an encounter between a Pharisee, who is a religious leader within Judaism, and a publican, a tax collector often reviled in society. Right from the outset, it’s important to acknowledge the lively dynamics of these two figures—pride and humility have come to center stage right in the heart of worship.

The Pharisee, likely wearing his religious status like a badge of honor, prays loudly, boasting about his deeds and dismissing others, especially the publican who stands far off. Meanwhile, the publican, recognizing his flaws, doesn’t even raise his eyes toward heaven. Instead, he beats his chest and pleads for mercy. This stark contrast underlines a key lesson: humility and sincerity in prayer hold more weight than outward appearances or self-righteousness.

Interestingly, during the time of Jesus, tax collectors were notorious for being corrupt and extorting money from their own people. A culturally relevant nugget is that this guy is ringing in the ears as a societal outcast, much decried but clearly also extraordinarily vulnerable at that moment—a reminder that all are in need of grace.

As it turns out, this parable flipped societal norms on their heads! Rather than exalt the supposed “righteous,” Jesus laybareing shining a light on the theme that the humble will be exalted (Luke 18:14). It's all about a mindset shift: true spirituality comes from inside, not from how many rules you follow or how impressive you think you are.