The answer is: Mara

Ruth 1:20 - that is, "bitter". Compare this to the bitter waters of Marah in Exo 15:23.

Naomi’s request to be called "Mara," meaning "bitter," brings us face to face with the deep, personal struggles that life can bring. Imagine a vibrant woman leaving her homeland in joy, only to return steeped in sorrow — that’s Naomi's journey. Her name change reflects a transformative moment, resonating with her grief over the losses she experienced. It’s as if she's saying, “Don’t just see me; see my pain.”

This bitter twist echoes beautifully through Scripture. The bitter waters of Marah in Exodus 15 highlight a significant turning point where Moses sweetens the bitter waters, showcasing God’s redemptive power. Just as God transformed those waters, Naomi's return sparked a cascade of goodwill and eventual joy through Ruth’s loyalty and love. It’s interesting to note that Naomi’s story is intertwined with themes of belonging and community. Her bitterness didn't push the people of Bethlehem away; instead, it drew Ruth even closer, demonstrating the depths of friendship and kinship.

Moreover, the concept of 'life’s blessings emerging from despair' resonates throughout Ruth's narrative, especially when relating it to the line of David — a pivotal figure in Judeo-Christian tradition. This kind of resilience in the face of adversity reinforces a vital lesson: while life may pour bitterness into our cups, it is often within our relationships that the sweetness can be found again. Each character in Naomi’s tale emphasizes the importance of compassion and steadfastness in times of trial.